在全球卫生治理体系中，智库发挥着关键作用。它们不仅推动政策讨论，还积极塑造全球卫生治理规范。研究基于规范扩散（Norm Diffusion）理论，探讨智库如何在全球卫生治理体系中引入、推广并巩固卫生治理规范。通过分析 2007 年至 2022 年间 12 家全球代表性智库的政策报告，本研究发现，智库的活动不仅限于讨论卫生治理议题，还通过规范制定和传播，影响政府决策及国际组织的议程设定。

研究表明，智库对卫生治理规范的关注主要集中在四个领域：全球经济与贸易、传染病防控、全球卫生合作与援助，以及卫生政策的社会影响。同时，不同地区智库的关注重点存在差异，并会根据全球公共卫生突发事件（PHEIC）的发展调整相关治理内容。此外，智库的研究进一步显示了世界卫生组织（WHO）和联合国（UN）在全球卫生治理中的核心地位。这些国际组织不仅在应对卫生危机时发挥领导作用，也在制定全球卫生标准和协调国际合作方面具有重要影响。

本研究认为，智库的政策建议和研究成果可帮助政策制定者更有效应对未来卫生挑战，增强全球卫生治理的韧性与可持续性。面对未来的不确定性，各国政府和国际组织应充分利用智库的专业知识，构建更具包容性和适应力的全球卫生治理体系。

Introduction

The theory of norm diffusion provides a fundamental framework for analyzing the emergence, cascade, and internalization of norms in global health governance. As think tanks combine policy expertise with sharp responsiveness to emerging crises, this study investigates their specific role in global health governance, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of their contribution to the norm diffusion mechanism.

Methods

We collected reports from 12 globally representative think tanks, covering the period from June 15, 2007, to December 31, 2022. Using the R programming language, we employed both quantitative and qualitative methods, including Structural Topic Modeling (STM) and co-occurrence analysis, to identify topic priorities and correlations between key terms.

Globally, think tank discussions on health governance norms center on four primary areas: the global economy and trade, responses to infectious diseases and public health crises, cooperation and aid in global health governance, and the social impacts of health norms. Regionally and temporally, think tanks in the United States, East Asia, Europe, and parts of the Global South prioritize health governance norms differently, with these priorities evolving over time in response to varying levels of development and the specific Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEIC) encountered. Moreover, think tanks underscore the pivotal role of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations (UN) in shaping global health governance that these international organizations are central to managing health emergencies, setting global standards, and coordinating international cooperation.

This study found that think tanks serve as norm entrepreneurs, promoters, and internalizers at different stages, supporting norm introduction, adoption, and integration of global governance health norms. Our findings underscore the potential for policymakers to harness the expertise and policy recommendations of think tanks to address future health challenges, thereby enhancing the resilience and sustainability of global health systems.

Global Health Governance, Norm Diffusion, Think Tanks, Policy Influence, International Cooperation

Yiwen Zhang*

School of Politics and International Relations, East China Normal University

Yuhang Chen*

School of Journalism, Fudan University, Shanghai

Yimeng Wu

College of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Fudan University

Fan Wang (Corresponding author)

Fudan Development Institute, Fudan University

* These authors contributed equally.