外迁与回迁:中缅边境的国家建设、地方回应与认同协商(1949-1966)

作者:雷李洪 发布时间:2024-10-11 11:30:42 来源:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies+收藏本文

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中缅边界照片 雷李洪老师摄


复旦发展研究院助理研究员雷李洪博士的文章《Exodus and return: State-building, local responses, and identity negotiation in China's Burma borderlands, 1949–66》发表于SSCI收录期刊:《Journal of Southeast Asian Studies》(Volume 55 , Issue 1 , March 2024 , pp. 28 - 49)该期刊致力于推动对东南亚各国及其相邻地区的多学科研究,涵盖的主题包括殖民历史、民族主义、边境研究、宗教与社会变迁等。

本文基于档案材料和田野调查,分析了新中国初期中缅边境大规模的外迁与回迁现象,探讨了边疆民众的日常生活政治和国家政权建设的微观过程。研究揭示了新中国的各种改革、强加的集体化及对宗教自由的限制所引发的社会恐慌和身份认同危机,及其对日常生活和传统社会文化秩序的挑战。面对这些挑战,当地居民主要通过外迁至缅甸来进行应对。本文还揭示了地方政府为控制、管理及安抚当地民众所采取的应对措施,这些措施吸引了大量边民回迁。本文认为,与其将这些“非法”的跨境活动视为“逃避统治”的方式,不如视其为边疆民众在社会政治剧变中寻求稳定的日常生活的主动“协商”过程。本研究对于理解国家建设的微观机制及边疆民众的国家整合提供了新的视角。尽管这些跨境流动给国家建设带来了重大挑战,但在此过程中,国家权力逐步渗透到边疆民众的日常生活之中,促进了边疆空间的国家社会化进程,推动了边疆民众国家认同的形成。


Author

Lei, Lihong

Assistant Professor at Fudan Development Institute (FDDI)


Abstract

This article, grounded in archival research from Chinese border  prefectures, delves into the complexities of migration dynamics,  specifically the phenomena of exodus from and return to China following  the Communist takeover in 1949. It reveals how various reforms, enforced  collectivisation and religious restrictions disrupted local lives,  causing social panic and identity crises, which led to the  disintegration of everyday life among borderland communities. Local  residents’ responses predominantly involved crossing the border to seek  refuge in Burma. The article critically scrutinises local authorities’  efforts to alleviate resultant instability, with the aim of retaining  the borderland populace and attracting back those who had left, while  also imposing the ideologies of the new communist state. Rather than  viewing these ‘illicit’ cross-border movements as mere acts of  resistance to governance, this study argues that they involved active  negotiations for a stable daily life amid socio-political upheaval. The  research contributes new insights into the micro-level mechanisms of  state-building, and the integration of borderland peoples into the new  Communist regime. Amid mass emigration and repatriation, state  engagement permeated daily life in borderland communities, facilitating  national identity formation and nation-state construction.


论文下载链接

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463424000195