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This presentation examines the historical trajectory of Argentina’s healthcare system, analyzing how the adoption of Western medicine during the 19th and 20th centuries shaped health infrastructures marked by profound socioeconomic and geographic inequalities. Through a critical lens, it assesses health policies implemented across different periods—from the consolidation of the modern state to the present—highlighting progress, setbacks, and enduring challenges in equitable healthcare access.

Argentina’s case serves as a framework to explore recurring issues across the Global South, including the tension between hegemonic medical models and local practices, fragmentation within public healthcare systems, the impact of economic crises on healthcare sustainability.

Against a backdrop of global pandemics, structural inequities, and geopolitical shifts, the presentation will engage in comparative dialogue with China, a pivotal actor in redefining global health agendas. Key questions guide this analysis: How can countries like Argentina and China collaborate to address shared challenges? What historical and contemporary lessons does Latin America offer for building more resilient healthcare systems?

By integrating historical, critical, and policy-oriented perspectives, this presentation aims to foster an interregional debate, underscoring the urgency of international cooperation in an era of rapid global transformation.