作者:Hans K. Hvide、张延人 发布时间:2021-07-02 来源:复旦发展研究院+收藏本文
作者
Hans K. Hvide 挪威卑尔根大学经济系教授、英国阿伯丁大学经济系教授
张延人(通讯作者)复旦发展研究院助理研究员
摘要
早在上个世纪初,英国著名历史学家诺斯古德·帕金森就断言,科层机构具有不断自我膨胀,并最终陷于臃肿低效的趋势。目前,由卑尔根大学经济学系汉斯·维德(Hans Hvide)教授与复旦大学发展研究院张延人博士共同完成的论文,《企业中的人浮于事意味着低效率吗?》(Too Big to Succeed? Overstaffing in Firms),重新考察了这一问题,并试图解释,为什么在一个追求利润最大化的企业里也依然存在管理层人员过度膨胀的可能。他们在静态Lazear-Rosen锦标赛模型里引入了迭代结构,构造了具有一个无限期界的动态锦标赛模型,从而在理论上证明,当处于不同年龄阶段的雇员为晋升而竞争,过多的员工会被晋升到管理层,但这是企业解决资源配置与员工激励之间矛盾的必然结果,并不意味着低效率。该项研究已发表在由哈佛商学院与西北大学凯洛格商学院联合主编的期刊《经济学与管理战略》(Journal of Economics & Management Strategy)上。
Abstract
Overstaffing appears to be a source of significant inefficiencies in organizations, but there is little economic theory that informs us why. We extend the canonical Lazear–Rosen tournament model to a dynamic setting that yields overstaffing at the managerial level. Overstaffing can be optimal in first best, without moral hazard, if the redundant manager gains experience and increases the firm's future productivity. In second best, overstaffing can be a way to provide incentives to young workers without “overpaying” middle-aged workers, a point that is illustrated with several examples from real world organizations. The model may offer some independent interest by integrating a generational structure into a tournament model.