1 Zbigniew Brzezinski,The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives(New York: Basic Books, 1998), p. 54.
2 Stuart Lau and Laurenz Gehrke, “Merkel Sides with Xi on Avoiding Cold War Blocs.”Politico, January 26, 2021,https://www.politico.eu/article/merkel-sides-with-xi-on-avoiding-cold-war-blocs/. For the Chinese term, seeZaobao(Singapore), January 27, 2021,https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20210127-1119644.
3 Nick Wadhams, “Blinken Says Only China Can Truly Challenge Global System.” Bloomberg, March 3, 2021,
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-03/blinken-calls-china-competition-a-key-challenge-for-the- u-s.
4 Vivian Salama and Gordon Lubold, “Biden Says He Sees China as ‘Stiff Competition’.”The Wall Street Journal, March 25, 2021,https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/biden-press-conference-live-updatesanalysis/card/ifirn5yjOObkp0pm2Lzv.
5 Roland Rajah, “Vital Trade Lessons from China’s failed Attempt at Coercion.”The Australian, April 14, 2021,
https://www.theaustralian.com.au/commentary/vital-trade-lessons-from-chinas-failed-attempt-at-coercion/news-story/5bdde5f4e6e89e79818231fa7e1624a4.
6 “Antony Blinken Opening Statement at his Senate Confirmation Hearing, January 19, 2021, United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, January 19, 2021,https://www.foreign.senate.gov/hearings/nominations- 011921.
7 David Wainer and Isabel Reynolds, “It’s All about China as Biden, Suga Meet Amid Taiwan Tensions.” Bloomberg, April 16, 2021,https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-16/it-s-all-about-china-as-biden-suga-meet-amid-taiwan-tensions.
8 Some Chinese analysts claim that the United States is now seeking to form a semiconductor industry alliance with Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the Netherlands. Deng Yuwen, “The Real Gap between China and the U.S.” Deutsche Welle, March 24, 2021,https://p.dw.com/p/3r2SC.
On April 12, the White House convened a webinar focusing on the status of chip production in the United States and around the world, which was attended by 20 chip manufacturers. See Soho Website, April 12, 2021,https://www.sohu.com/a/460379090_465219.
9 Some observers have expressed concerns about the lack of any signs of returning to the Iranian nuclear deal during the Biden administration, as was promised during the campaign. Assal Rad and Negar Mortazavi, “President Biden Must Follow the Advice of Candidate Biden on Iran.”Foreign Policy, March 10, 2021,
https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/03/10/president-biden-must-follow-the-advice-of-candidate-biden-on-iran/.
10 Sergey Lavrov, “Sino-Russian Relations are now at the Best Level in History.”China News, March 23, 2021,
https://www.chinanews.com/gj/2021/03-23/9438152.shtml.
11 “Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s Remarks and Answers to Media Questions Following Talks with Foreign Minister of China Wang Yi, Guilin, March 23, 2021.” The website of The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, March 21, 2021,https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/4647898.
12 Niu Yulong and Yang Zhendong, “China-Iran Comprehensive Cooperation Plan: RMB Settlement, Beidou, and 5G.” March 28, 2021, Tencent website,https://new.qq.com/omn/20210328/20210328A09Q3E00.html.
13 Ibid.
14 “Remarks by President Biden in Press Conference.” The White House website, March 25, 2021,
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/03/25/remarks-by-president-biden-in-press-conference/.
15 “British, French and German Ships Gathered in the South China Sea.” Soho online, March 4, 2021,
https://www.sohu.com/a/453992055_120504280.
16 Shi Yinhong, “The Biden Administration’s China Posture: Focusing on Strategic Military.”Political Science and International Relations Forum, April 2021.
17 Liu Heping, “The United States will not Stand by Idly, and is Preparing for Military Intervention across the Taiwan Strait.” NetEase, April 12, 2021,
https://www.163.com/dy/article/G7DIOU4R0514FGV8.html.
18 Shi, “The Biden Administration’s China Posture: Focusing on Strategic Military.”
19 Lau and Gehrke, “Merkel sides with Xi on avoiding Cold War blocs.”
20 Gavin Cordon and David Hughes, “Boris Johnson Warns against New ‘Cold War’ with China.”Irish Examiner, March 16, 2021,https://www.irishexaminer.com/world/arid-40245650.html.
21 Yuan Peng, “The Common Points and Differences between China and the United States have been Exposed during the High-level Dialogue in Anchorage.”The Paper, March 24, 2021,
https://www.sohu.com/a/457004659_260616.
22 Zhang, “Quad: A regional military alliance to contain China will not work.”
23 Ibid.
24 Thomas J. Christensen, “There Will Not Be a New Cold War: The Limits of U.S.-Chinese Competition.”
Foreign Affairs, March 24, 2021,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2021-03-24/there-will-not-be-new-cold-war.
25Joseph S. Nye, “What Could Cause a U.S.-China War?”China-US Focus, March 11, 2021,
https://www.chinausfocus.com/peace-security/what-could-cause-a-us-china-war.
26 Salman Ahmed, Rozlyn Engel, and others (eds.),Making U.S. Foreign Policy Work Better for the Middle Class. (Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 2020), p. 3.
27 Ibid., p. 67.
28 Yuan Peng, “On the Eve of the High-level Strategic Dialogue: Where are China-US Relations Heading?” China News, March 17, 2021,https://www.chinanews.com/gn/2021/03-17/9434718.shtml.
29 Yuan, “The Common Points and Differences between China and the United States have been Exposed during the High-level Dialogue in Anchorage.”
30 National Intelligence Council,Foreign Threat to the 2020 U.S. Federal Elections. ICA2020-00078D.
https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/ICA-declass-16MAR21.pdf.
31 Cheng Li, “Hopes and Doubts in Beijing: Resetting U.S.-Chinese Relations Won’t Be Easy.”Foreign Affairs, November 13, 2020,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-11-13/hopes-and-doubts-beijing.
32 Cheng Li, “Avoiding Three Traps in Confronting China’s Party-State.” In Ryan Hass, Ryan McElveen, and Robert Williams (eds),The Future U.S. Policy toward China: Recommendations for the Biden Administration. (Monograph jointly published by John L. Thornton China Center and Yale Law School Paul Tsai China Center), pp. 8-14.
33 Laura Silver, Kat Devlin, and Christine Huang, “Most Americans Support Tough Stance Toward China on
Human Rights, Economic Issues.” Pew Research Center website, March 4, 2021,
https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2021/03/04/most-americans-support-tough-stance-toward-china-on-human-rights-economic-issues/.
34 “Strategic Competition Act of 2021,” the U.S. Senate Foreign Affairs Committee
https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/DAV21598%20-%20Strategic%20Competition%20Act%20of%2-02021.pdf.
35 Mohamed Younis, “New High in Perceptions of China as U.S.’s Greatest Enemy.” Gallup Website, March 16, 2021,https://news.gallup.com/poll/337457/new-high-perceptions-china-greatest-enemy.aspx.
36 Zhong Feiteng, “Viewing the Limitations of the U.S. Strategy at the Time of the Sino-U.S. High-level Strategic Dialogue.”Beijing News, March 26, 2021,https://www.sohu.com/a/457142963_114988.
37 Larry Elliott, “China to Overtake US as World’s Biggest Economy by 2028, Report Predicts.”The Guardian, December 25, 2021,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/26/china-to-overtake-us-as-worlds-biggest-economy-by-2028-report-predicts.
38 William A. Galston, “Stepping Up the Tech Fight Against China”Wall Street Journal, March 2, 2021.
39 The American Academy of Arts and Sciences,The Perils of Complacency: America at a Tipping Point in Science & Engineering. September 2020,https://www.amacad.org/publication/perils-of-complacency.
40 Ibid.
41 Ibid.
42 “Remarks by President Biden in Press Conference.” The White House website, March 25, 2021,
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/03/25/remarks-by-president-biden-in-press-conference/.
43Nye, “What Could Cause a U.S.-China War?”
44 David Brennan, “Endless U.S.-China Contest Risks ‘Catastrophic’ Conflict, Henry Kissinger Warns”
Newsweek, March 26, 2021,https://www.newsweek.com/endless-us-china-contest-catastrophic-conflict-henry-kissinger-1579010.
45 Ibid.