在人工智能技术快速发展并深度嵌入社会结构的背景下，全球人工智能治理呈现出多主体参与、跨层级协作的新格局。以国际组织、国家主体、科技企业与公众4类关键治理行为体为分析主线，梳理其在人工智能治理中的角色演变与互动机制。通过对制度规则互动、资源协作互动与公共空间互动 3 种主要关系类型的系统归纳，形成“规则—能力—认知”闭环，揭示多元主体在标准制定、能力组织与社会反馈等治理环节中的协同路径与结构特征。不同主体在互动过程中不断推动人工智能治理从单边规制向协商共治演进，逐步形成一个具备网络特征与适应能力的多元参与治理体系。这有助于深化对全球人工智能治理中行为体关系结构与互动逻辑的理解，为构建更具包容性和有效性的治理架构提供基础性支撑。

Against the backdrop of rapid advances in artificial intelligence(AI) and its deep embedding in social structures, global AI governance is taking shape as a new landscape characterized by multi–actor participation and cross–level collaboration. Focusing on four key categories of governance actors—states, international organizations, technology companies, and the public—this paper traces the evolution of their roles and the mechanisms of their interaction in AI governance. By systematically summarizing three main types of relationships—interaction through institutional rules, resource collaboration, and public sphere—it constructs a “rules–capabilities–cognition” closed loop, revealing the pathways of coordination and structural features through which diverse actors engage in standard–setting, capacity building, and societal feedback. In the process of interaction, these actors continuously propel AI governance from unilateral regulation toward negotiated co–governance, gradually forming a multi–actor governance system with networked characteristics and adaptive capacities. This study helps to clarify the relational structures and interaction logics among actors in global AI governance and provides a foundational basis for building more inclusive and effective governance frameworks.

人工智能治理；多元主体；制度规则；资源协作；公共空间

AI governance ; multiple actors ; institutional rule ; resource collaboration ; public sphere

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